Moderating Religion for Global Security: Constructivist Insights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15204925Kata Kunci:
Religious Moderation, Global Security, Constructivism, International Relations, PeacebuildingAbstrak
Dalam dunia global saat ini, moderasi beragama sangat penting dalam menentukan perilaku negara dan hubungan internasional, yang memiliki dampak besar pada upaya untuk mempromosikan perdamaian dan keamanan global. Moderasi beragama memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap identitas negara, menjaga norma internasional, dan meningkatkan hubungan diplomatik dengan mendorong hidup berdampingan secara damai. Makalah ini mengkaji peran moderasi beragama dengan menganalisis studi kasus dari Indonesia, Norwegia, dan India, dengan menggunakan teori konstruktivisme. Institusi Islam utama di Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama, secara aktif berupaya mengurangi konflik sektarian dan memajukan
pluralisme, yang mendukung perdamaian internal serta meningkatkan status internasional negara tersebut. Di sisi lain, Norwegia menggunakan moderasi beragama sebagai bentuk soft power strategis, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam upayanya menjadi mediator dalam Perjanjian Oslo, meskipun Norwegia tidak terkait langsung dengan agama tertentu. Hal ini membantu memperkuat reputasi Norwegia sebagai mediator netral dalam krisis internasional. Sementara itu, India menghadapi tantangan dengan bangkitnya nasionalisme agama, khususnya nasionalisme Hindu, yang memperburuk polarisasi sosial dan menyulitkan penerapan moderasi dalam kebijakan domestik maupun luar negerinya. Perbandingan dari kasus-kasus ini menyoroti hambatan yang ditimbulkan oleh ekstremisme agama dan nasionalisme dalam mengganggu tujuan-tujuan tersebut, sambil menekankan kemampuan moderasi beragama dalam mendukung stabilitas domestik, memfasilitasi hubungan diplomatik, dan berkontribusi pada inisiatif perdamaian yang lebih luas. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini menekankan betapa pentingnya bagi negara-negara untuk memasukkan prinsip- prinsip agama moderat ke dalam tindakan mereka guna mempromosikan harmoni internal serta memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap diplomasi internasional dan upaya perdamaian.
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