FEMALE LABOR MIGRATION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE FAMILY ECONOMY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6790270Kata Kunci:
migration, female labor, female workers, family economyAbstrak
International migration occurs due to population growth that is not matched by growth in opportunities and job availability. Increased labor force and limited domestic employment, making the flow of labor migration abroad increased. International migration as labor is dominated by female workers (TKW). The increasing flow of labor migration of Indonesian women in abroad, even beyond men, shows the importance of understanding what is behind their movement. Especially women who are already married must have a reason to immigrate. For rural and married women who do not have many skills, international migration is a golden opportunity to improve their family's economy. This research is qualitative by using method of textual study by analyzing secondary data from various related literatures, then completed by semi structured interview with some main respondents that former female worker. Empirical data shows that married women working overseas due to economic considerations. Initiatives for work generally come from women themselves, whereas family members only approve. Thus, women have more freedom and confidence to decide to work overseas
Unduhan
Referensi
Ali Maksum dan Surwandono. 2017. Suffer to Survive: The Indonesian Illegal Workers Experiences in Malaysia and Japan. Journal of Social Research & Policy, Vol. 8, Issue 1, July 2017. Yogyakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Asian Development Bank. (2006). Workers’ remittance flows in Southeast Asia. The Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BNP2TKI). 2010. Dapat diunduh dari: http://www.bnp2tki.go.id/statistik-mainmenu-86/data-penempatan- mainmenu-87/90- penempatan-tenaga-kerja-indonesia-berdasarkan- jenis-kelamin-tahun-1994-2006.html
BNP2TKI. 2015. Subbid Pengolahan Data, Bidang Pengolahan dan Penyajian Data [Sub-Section of Data Analysis, Section of Data Analysis and Data Presentation]. Jakarta: BNP2TKI.
BNP2TKI. 2017. Data Penempatan dan Perlindungan TKI, Periode Bulan Oktober Tahun 2017. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Pengembangan dan Informasi BNP2TKI.
Effendi TN. 2004. Mobilitas pekerja, remitan dan peluang berusaha di perdesaan.
Dalam: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Vol. 8 (2): 218-222. Dapat diunduh dari: i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/detail.php?dataId=5637
Farbenblum, dkk. 2013. Akses Buruh Migran terhadap Keadilan di Negara Asal: Studi Kasus Indonesia. New York: Open Society Foundation, p. 35.
Hidayatunnismah, dkk. 2013. Migrasi Internasional Tenaga Kerja Perempuan dan Human Trafficking. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
International Organization for Migration Indonesia (IOM). 2010. Fact sheet, migration and development, remittances and Indonesian. Website.
Kaur, A. (2013). Shifting geographies of migration in Southeast Asia: Continuity and change in proletarian and gendered migration, dalam D. Hoerder & A. Kaur (Ed.), Proletarian and gendered mass migrations: A global perspective on continuities and discontinuities from the 19th to the 21st centuries (hal. 317-364). Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV.
Lee E. 1984. Suatu teori migrasi. (Alih bahasa dari bahasa Inggris oleh Hans
Daeng). Yogyakarta [ID]: Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM. Nurjannah, Siti. 2008. Persepsi Migran Wanita. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Mataram. Vol 2 No.11
Novita. 2016. Analisis Keputusan Bekerja Wanita sebagai Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW) ke Luar Negeri dan Kontribusinya terhadap Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Pada Tenaga Kerja Wanita di PT Linera Sejahtera Malang Jawa Timur). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.
Raharto, A., Noveria, M., Romdiati, H., Fitranita, Malamassam, M. A., & Hidayati, I. (2013). Indonesian labour migration: Social cost and families left behind. Dalam Valuing the social cost of migration: An exploratory study (hal.19-71). Bangkok: UN Women.
Raharto, Aswatini. 2017. Pengambilan Keputusan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) Perempuan untuk Bekerja di Luar Negeri: Kasus Kabupaten Cilacap. Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan – LIPI.
Scoones I. 1998. Sustainable rural livelihoods a framework for analysis, IDS Working Paper 72, Brighton: IDS.
Sisharini & Windhyastiti (2006) Jurnal Penelitian, Dampak Pertukaran Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Isteri dengan Suami Terhadap Keadilan Gender (Studi Kaus pada Rumah Tangga TKW di Desa Duren Kecamatan Talun Kabupaten Blitar), Jurnal Penelitian Vol. XVIII No. 1 tahun 2006.
Solidaritas Perempuan. 2014. Laporan Hasil Pemetaan di Wilayah: Mataram, Sumbawa, Kendari, Makassar, Palu, Karawang. Situasi Kekerasan dan Pelanggaran Hak Buruh Migran Perempuan dan Keluarganya di Negara ASEAN.
Tuty Irawaty dan Ekawati Sri Wahyuni. 2011. Migrasi Internasional Perempuan Desa Dan Pemanfaatan Remitan Di Desa Pusakajaya, Kecamatan Pusakajaya, Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Bogor: Departemen Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, IPB.
Toersilaningsih R. 2010. Mobilitas nonpermanen pekerja di Indonesia sebuah alternative dalam mengatasi kemiskinan. Warta Demografi. 40 (2).
UN-ESCAP & UN-ESCWA. 2013. Inter-regional report on labour migration and social protection (E/ESCWA/SDD/2013/Technical Paper 2). Diakses dari http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/ files/SDD_PUB_ESCWA_SDD_2013_Technicalpaper2_E.pdf
Vadlun, Fadlia.. 2010. Migrasi Wanita Dan Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga. Palu: Media Litbang Sulteng.
Wawancara Andriyeni. Staff Divisi Perlindungan Perempuan Buruh Migran dan Keluarganya, Solidaritas Perempuan. Mei 2018.
Wulan. TR. 2010. Pengetahuan dan kekuasaan: Penguatan remitan sosial sebagai strategi pemberdayaan buruh migran perempuan Indonesia. Disertasi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2019 Jisiera: The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder of all articles belongs to The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations. Under CC Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0, readers are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially).
